WEBPAGE ON ALEXANDER THE GREAT'S INVASION (THE INDIAN HISTORY) USING HTML AND CSS STYLING

OUTPUT:

ALEXANDER THE GREAT'S INVASION

Alexander (356 BCE - 323 BCE) was the son of Philip of Macedonia (Greece).

Alexander invaded India in 326 BCE. At that time NW India was split up into a number of small independent states like Taxila, Punjab (kingdom of Porus), Gandhara etc. Except Porus, who fought the famous Battle of Hydaspas (on banks of Jhelum) in 326 BCE with Alexander, all other kings submitted meekly. Alexander was so impressed with Porus^' fight that he granted him his territory back. Porus might have accepted his lordship also.

When Alexander reached Beas, his soldiers refused to go further, so he was forced to retreat. To mark the farthest point of his advance, he erected 12 huge stones alters on the northern bank of Beas.

Alexander remained in India for 19 months and died in 323 BCE at Babylon (Mesopotamia).

The effects of Alexander's invasion were indirect:
It exposed India to Europe, by opening up four distinct lines of communication, three by land and one by sea.
Due to cultural contact, a cosmopolitan school of art (a mix of Indian and Hellinistic art) came up in Ghandhara.

Alexander paved the way for the unification of North India under Chandragupta Maurya by weakening small states.

NOTE:

The Archaemenid king Cyrus (558-530 BCE) of Persia was the first ruler to invade Indian subcontinent (destroyed the city of Kapisha near Hindukush Mountains).

The first foreigner to invade mainland India was the Persian King Darius. He entered North-West India in 516 BCE and added Punjab, areas to the west of Indus river and Sindh to his kingdom.He even recruited Indians in his army. The successor of Darius, Xerxes, had many Indians in his army when he went to fight a long war with Greeks.

Effects of Persian Invasion - Trade between India and Iran grew, Kharoshthi script was brought to northwest India by the Persians (some inscriptions of Ashoka were written in this script in these parts; Kharoshthi script is derived from the Aramaic script and is written from right to left).

CODE:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Alexander's Invasion</title>

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background-color: lightgreen;

text-align: center;

}

.d2{

text-align: center;

}

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color: orangered;

background-color: silver;

font-size: 25px;

font-weight: bolder;

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.d4{

text-align: center;

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.d5{

color: indigo;

background-color: springgreen;

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</style>

</head>

<h1>ALEXANDER THE GREAT'S INVASION</h1>

</div>

</div>

<ul>

<li>Alexander (356 BCE - 323 BCE) was the son of Philip of Macedonia (Greece).</li>

</ul>

</div>

<ul>

<li>Alexander invaded India in 326 BCE. At that time NW India was split up into a number of small independent states like Taxila, Punjab (kingdom of Porus), Gandhara etc. Except Porus, who fought the famous Battle of Hydaspas (on banks of Jhelum) in 326 BCE with Alexander, all other kings submitted meekly. Alexander was so impressed with Porus<sup>'</sup> fight that he granted him his territory back. Porus might have accepted his lordship also.</li>

</ul>

</div>

<ul>

<li>When Alexander reached Beas, his soldiers refused to go further, so he was forced to retreat. To mark the farthest point of his advance, he erected 12 huge stones alters on the northern bank of Beas.</li>

</ul>

</div>

<ul>

<li>Alexander remained in India for 19 months and died in 323 BCE at Babylon (Mesopotamia).</li>

</ul>

</div>

<ul>

<li>The effects of Alexander's invasion were indirect:</li>

<li>It exposed India to Europe, by opening up four distinct lines of communication, three by land and one by sea.</li>

<li>Due to cultural contact, a cosmopolitan school of art (a mix of Indian and Hellinistic art) came up in Ghandhara.</li>

</ul>

</div>

<ul>

<li>Alexander paved the way for the unification of North India under Chandragupta Maurya by weakening small states.</li>

</ul>

</div>

<ul>

<li>The Archaemenid king Cyrus (558-530 BCE) of Persia was the first ruler to invade Indian subcontinent (destroyed the city of Kapisha near Hindukush Mountains).</li>

</ul>

</div>

<ul>

<li>The first foreigner to invade mainland India was the Persian King Darius. He entered North-West India in 516 BCE and added Punjab, areas to the west of Indus river and Sindh to his kingdom.He even recruited Indians in his army. The successor of Darius, Xerxes, had many Indians in his army when he went to fight a long war with Greeks.</li>

</ul>

</div>

<ul>

<li>Effects of Persian Invasion - Trade between India and Iran grew, Kharoshthi script was brought to northwest India by the Persians (some inscriptions of Ashoka were written in this script in these parts; Kharoshthi script is derived from the Aramaic script and is written from right to left).</li>

</ul>

</div>

</body>

</html>

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